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The party who brings a civil lawsuit to court, claiming they were wronged and seeking compensation or other relief.
A formal written accusation by a grand jury charging someone with a serious crime, used to begin federal criminal prosecutions.
The area of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, typically involving compensation for harm rather than imprisonment.
A group of citizens selected to hear evidence and decide whether the facts prove a defendant is guilty or liable.
The legal principle that previous court decisions should guide the outcome of similar cases, creating consistency in the law.
A legally binding agreement between two or more parties that can be enforced in court if one side fails to fulfill their promises.
The constitutional protection against being tried twice for the same crime after being acquitted by a jury.
The party against whom a lawsuit is brought, who must respond to the allegations and defend themselves in court.